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Drug Discovery
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What Is Drug Discovery? A Stage-by-Stage Overview
A plain-English, stage-by-stage look at how drug discovery works, what computers can and cannot add, and why most candidates fail.
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Why Most Drug Candidates Fail: Attrition by Stage
A sourced, educational look at why drug candidates fail in clinical trials, from efficacy and safety to commercial decisions, and…
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From Hit to Lead: How Compounds Are Refined
How screening hits become leads: the steps, the properties teams balance, the role of automation and computation, and the limits…
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How the FDA Reviews New Drug Applications
A plain-language look at how the FDA reviews a new drug application, from filing to approval or complete response letter.
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High-Throughput Screening: Testing Thousands of Compounds
A plain-language look at high throughput screening: the steps, the false-positive problem, and what a screen can and cannot tell…
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How the EMA Evaluates Medicines in the European Union
How the EMA’s CHMP evaluates medicines, how the European Commission decides, and what studies say about timelines and agreement with…
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The Stages of Drug Development, From Idea to Submission
How a drug candidate moves from target selection through screening, optimization, preclinical work and clinical trials to a submission, and…
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Clinical Trial Phases 1 to 4: What Each Phase Is Designed to Learn
A plain-language guide to what each clinical trial phase is designed to learn, from early safety studies to post-approval monitoring,…
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Cell Imaging in Drug Discovery: Microscopy and Image Analysis
A plain-language look at how automated microscopy and image analysis are used in early drug discovery, and where they fall…